中国玛蚱属研究及三新种记述(蚱总科,短翼蚱科)

记述中国玛蚱属23种,内有3新种,西藏玛蚱Mazarredis xizangensis sp.nov.、平背玛蚱 Mazarredia platynota sp.nov.及拟短背玛蚱 Mazarredia parabrachynota sp.nov.附有中国种类的分种检索表,分布和引证.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室.     

见血封喉乳汁中具有细胞毒活性的强心苷

从见血封喉(Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch.)乳汁分离得到4个强心苷类化合物,经波谱数据分析,分别鉴定为：毒毛旋花子爪哇糖苷(1)、铃兰毒苷(2)、毒毛旋花子阿洛糖苷(3)和glucostrophanthidin (4)。化合物4为首次从见血封喉中分离得到。细胞毒活性测定结果表明,化合物1~4对慢性髓原白血病细胞(K562)、人胃癌细胞(SGC-7901)和人肝癌细胞(SMMC-7721)的增殖均显示了较强的生长抑制活性。     

Genetic diversity of the endangered species Kirengeshoma palmata (Saxifragaceae) in China

In order to investigate the levels of genetic diversity of the endangered species Kirengeshoma palmata (Saxifragaceae), four extant populations were sampled and analyzed using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. We expected a low genetic diversity level, but our results revealed a high level of intraspecific genetic diversity, probably resulting from this species being in a refuge during the last glaciation (at population level: P = 63.25%, A_e = 1.47, H_E = 0.26 and H_O = 0.37; at species level: P = 79.00%, A = 1.5538, H_T = 0.2586 and H_sp = 0.3104). A low level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected based on Nei's genetic diversity analysis (16.69%) and AMOVA (19.36%). Populations shared high levels of genetic identity. Insect pollination and seed dispersal by wind may have facilitated extensive gene flow and are likely responsible for this present structure of genetic variation.     

Nordy, a synthetic lipoxygenase inhibitor, inhibits the expression of formylpeptide receptor and induces differentiation of malignant glioma cells

We recently found that formylpeptide receptor (FPR), a G-protein-coupled receptor that mediates chemotaxis of phagocytic leukocytes induced by bacterial peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, is expressed by malignant human glioma cells and promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis. In this study, we examined the effect of Nordy, a novel chiral lipoxygenase inhibitor which was synthesized based on the structure of a natural nordihydroguaiaretic acid, on the expression of FPR by human glioblastoma cells. We found that FPR was expressed at the protein level by highly malignant human glioma cell lines U87 and BT325, and a rat glioma cell line C6. The expression level of FPR was correlated with the degree of the malignancy of tumor cells. The poorly differentiated glioma cell line U87 expressed the highest level of FPR. In U87 glioma cells, the expression of FPR was attenuated at the protein level by Nordy treatment for 48 (P<0.05). Nordy did not affect FPR mRNA expression in U87 cells. In addition, Nordy treatment seemed to promote glioma cell differentiation, as evidenced by their reduced expression of vimentin and increased expression of GFAP. Our results suggest that Nordy was capable of reducing the level of malignancy of glioma cells.     

中国淡水三角属涡虫研究的历史与进展

三角涡虫为扁形动物门涡虫纲的代表动物,在动物的起源与演化中占有重要地位,是研究胚胎发育与细胞分化、去分化的好材料。我国研究基础薄弱,缺乏系统资料,以至于三角涡虫种名在我国曾被错误沿用几十年。本文对我国三角涡虫的种类、分布、研究历史与现状进行了全面概述,以期为我国三角涡虫资源调查与区系分类研究提供全面详实的资料。     

外源信号物质对肉苁蓉种子萌发与吸器形成内源激素水平变化的影响

利用外源信号物质氟草敏（norflurazon）和2,6-二甲氧基对苯醌（2,6-DMBQ）分别诱导肉苁蓉种子萌发与吸器形成,研究它们在此过程中对内源激素脱落酸（ABA）、赤霉素（GA3）、吲哚乙酸（IAA）、玉米素核苷（ZR）水平变化的影响。结果表明：在诱导肉苁蓉种子萌发时,经norflurazon处理0～168h后,种子中ABA水平呈现显著降低的变化趋势,GA3、IAA、ZR水平呈现显著升高的变化趋势。在诱导肉苁蓉种子萌发体吸器形成时,经2,6-DMBQ处理0～72h后,肉苁蓉种子萌发体ABA水平变化不显著,GA3、IAA、ZR水平均呈现显著升高的变化趋势。表明在肉苁蓉种子萌发与吸器形成中外源信号物质nor-flurazon和2,6-DMBQ能影响内源激素水平的变化。     

mtCOI PCR-RFLP技术鉴别中国入侵型和土著型烟粉虱种群的有效性分析

烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)是世界范围内最重要的入侵生物之一,准确地鉴别烟粉虱入侵生物型和土著生物型具有十分重要的现实意义。mtCOI PCR-RFLP技术具有快速、高效的特点,是当前应用最广泛的烟粉虱生物型鉴定技术,但是,不同限制性内切酶为基础的mtCOI PCR-RFLP技术在鉴定我国烟粉虱种群中的有效性仍不明了。本文比较了已报导的5种mtCOI PCR-RFLP技术在鉴别中国烟粉虱种群入侵生物型和土著生物型(B型、Q型,ZHJ1型、ZHJ2型、ZHJ3型)的有效性。结果表明,内切酶AluI不能区分B型和ZHJ2型烟粉虱;内切酶TaqI不能准确区分ZHJ3型和Q型烟粉虱个体;而内切酶VspI不仅不能准确区分ZHJ1型和Q型烟粉虱个体,也不能准确区分B型和ZHJ2型烟粉虱;内切酶MseI和Tru9I则不能有效鉴别上述5种烟粉虱生物型,因此不适宜推广使用。     

Ox-LDL-induced TGF-β1 production in human alveolar epithelial cells: involvement of the Ras/ERK/PLTP pathway

Oxidized-low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) has been shown to play an important role in impaired surfactant metabolism and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a critical mediator in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In this study, we investigated whether Ox-LDL can induce TGF-β1 protein production, and if so, how it achieves this induction in human alveolar epithelial cells (A549). We show here that Ox-LDL not only caused a dose- and time-dependent up-regulation of TGF-β1 production, but also increased Smad3 phosphorylation, Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) expression in A549 cells. The inhibition of Ras/ERK activity with specific inhibitors significantly suppressed Ox-LDL-induced TGF-β1 production, Smad3 phosphorylation and PLTP expression. Furthermore, treatment of cells with PLTP siRNA suppressed both TGF-β1 release and Smad3 activation induced by Ox-LDL, but not the activation of Ras/ERK cascade. Taken together, we provide evidences that induction of TGF-β1 production and Smad3 phosphorylation by Ox-LDL is mediated by Ras/ERK/PLTP pathway in human alveolar epithelial cells.     

Progress on breeding for best-hybridized crossing of meat rabbits

Best-hybridized crossing should ideally result in optimal exploitation of heterosis of lines and capitalize on expressed heterosis. Rabbit breeding is heading in the direction of breeding for best-hybridized crossing of meat rabbits. Most special sire lines are selected for post-weaning average daily gain and marketing weight. Post-weaning growth has a negative and favorable genetic correlation with the feed conversion ratio, which is used in indirect selection for feed conversion ratio. The most common selection criteria for special maternal lines are related to litter size at birth or at weaning. Since the heritability of most reproductive traits is low, we must collect as many individual and relative records as possible in the genetic evaluation of rabbits. The BLUP procedure under an animal repeatability model is the most common procedure used for evaluation of animals in selection programs for special lines of meat rabbits. Direct selection for litter size is less efficient than selection for post-weaning growth, but the estimation of heterosis is generally higher for litter size than that for the post-weaning growth. Evaluation of heterosis could be performed by estimating crossbreeding parameters in the cross or comparing contemporary productivity among purebreds and crossbreds. Here, we reviewed breeding of special lines, exploitation of heterosis of crossbreds, and establishment of crossbreeding system of hybrid meat rabbits and summarized the methodologies of breeding special lines, criteria in selection programs, and the result of heterosis estimates.